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Nature Unveiling Herself Before Science
''Nature Unveiling Herself Before Science'' (フランス語:''La Nature se dévoilant à la Science'') is an allegorical sculpture created in 1899 in the Art Nouveau style by Louis-Ernest Barrias. The sculpture depicts a woman—personifying Nature—removing a veil to reveal her face and bare breasts. The sculpture, which is in the Musée d'Orsay, was commissioned for the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers.〔Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison, ''Objectivity''. New York: Zone Books, 2007. p. 244.〕 Underneath the veil, Nature wears a gown held up by a scarab. The figure is made of marble, with the gown made of Algerian onyx, and the scarab of malachite. The sculpture has also been reproduced in other media.
According to historians of science Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison, the sculpture "blends the ancient trope of the veil of Isis, interpreted as nature's desire to hide her secrets, with the modern fantasy of (female) nature willingly revealing herself to the (male) scientist, without violence or artifice."〔 According to historian of science Carolyn Merchant, the sculpture is emblematic of transformation of conceptions of nature that came with the Scientific Revolution: "From an active teacher and parent, she () has become a mindless, submissive body."〔Carolyn Merchant, ''The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution''. New York: HarperOne, 1990. pp. 189–190.〕 In a similar vein, biologist and essayist Gerald Weissmann has noted the similarity between Nature's pose in Barrias' sculpture and that of the central figure in the 1876 painting ''Dr. Pinel Unchaining the Mad'' by Tony Robert-Fleury, a released inmate from an insane asylum who has "the detached look of the very lost."〔Gerald Weissmann, "The Doctor with Two Heads" (1988) in ''Darwin's Audubon: Science and the Liberal Imagination''. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing, 1998. p. 231.〕 Literary critic Elaine Showalter imagines a companion piece depicting Science would consist of "a fully clothed man, whose gaze () bold, direct, and keen, the penetrating gaze of intellectual and sexual mastery".〔Elaine Showalter, ''Sexual Anarchy: Gender and Culture at the Fin de Siècle''. Virago Press Ltd, 1992. p. 145.〕
==References==
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